The immune system uses a molecule called interleukin-10 (IL-10) to help control inflammation and avoid excessive damage to the body. However, tumors often increase IL-10 levels to suppress the immune system, which helps them grow and spread. Recent studies show that IL-10 production depends on signals from mitochondria, the parts of cells that produce energy.
We discovered that a substance called S3QEL 1.2, which blocks certain chemicals (reactive oxygen species or ROS) from being made in mitochondria, reduces IL-10 levels in immune cells called macrophages. Another substance, myxothiazol, also lowers IL-10 by targeting the same part of the mitochondria. This happens because these substances suppress a protein called c-Fos, which is needed for IL-10 production.
When tested in mice, S3QEL 1.2 lowered IL-10 levels and helped their immune systems fight tumors more effectively, slowing the growth of melanoma. This research shows that blocking specific mitochondrial signals may help improve the immune system’s ability to fight cancer.
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From the text: Fig. 2. Complex III inhibition reveals a specific transcriptional signature in activated macrophages |
Zotta, A., et al. (2025). Mitochondrial respiratory complex III sustains IL-10 production in activated macrophages and promotes tumor-mediated immune evasion. Science Advances, 11(4), eadq7307. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adq7307
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